Transcriptional Profiling of Stress Response or Slow Growth?

Transcriptomic profiling analyses are frequently used for the study of cells in response to environmental stress factors that often impede cell optimal growth. Given that transcriptional profiles of optimally growing cells differ significantly from those of sub-optimally growing cells, stress-induceddifferentially-transcribed genes are thus inevitably mixed with slow growthgenes.

Stress Response

It is therefore necessary to separate the stress-specific response genes from slow growth genes. Methodologies used to deconvolute stress-specific response from non-specific response such as slow growth are discussed in this editorial. Transcription regulation is one of the major ways to control gene activity in cells. Hence, transcription levels of genes are thought to be linked largely to the levels of gene activity. Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) was the technology that for the first time allows the study of a transcriptome or a majority of transcripts in eukaryotic cells. Instead of sequencing the entire Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) derived from cDNA libraries, the SAGE method takes only a ~15 bps tag from end of each cDNA fragment and ligates to chain multiple short cDNA tags for PCR amplification and sequencing analysis. Read more>>>>>>>

Production Performance, Slaughtering and Meat Quality of Different Breed Pigs

Pork is an important part of the human diet. With the improvement of living standard and strengthening awareness of diet and health, people pay more and more attention to the sensory quality and healthcareful function of animal production.

Therefore, at the same time of guaranteeing health security and high lean pork production, how to improve the sensory quality of pork and produce high quality pork has become the urgent task of modern pig production. The genotype, nutrition, stress before slaughter, and the carcass fast cooling, which can affect the meat quality. The quality of the pork has already become an important subject of collaborative research and concern in the field of the world pig science, meat science, animal genetics and breeding, feed industry and so on. The research results showed that there were many influencing factors in meat quality, but the main influence factors of meat quality are the improving varieties (genetic control) and nutritional regulation, and breed is the decisive factor. To know more>>>>>

Synthesis and SAR Studies of Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Imidazole Derived Schiff Base Analogues

Medicinal chemistry is an interdependently established science that encompasses the innovation, progress, recognition and revelation of the mode of action of biologically dynamic compounds at the molecular level.

 Imidazole Derived Schiff Base Analogues

Heterocycles form by far the most of classical divisions of organic chemistry and are of vast use in biologically and industrially. Heterocyclic nucleus imparts an essential function in medicinal chemistry and serves as a key template for the improvement of various therapeutic agents. Imidazole’s have in use a sole arrangement in heterocyclic chemistry, and its derivatives have attracted significant interests in recent years for their multipurpose properties in chemistry and pharmacology. It improves pharmacokinetic characteristics of pilot analogues and thus is used as a remedy to optimize solubility and bioavailability parameters of projected unsuccessfully soluble lead molecules. The imidazole derivatives possess extensive spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-tubercular and anti-HIV activities etc. Read more>>>>>>>

A Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Removal of Interfering Hemoglobin Prior to Whole Blood Analysis.

Bioanalytical assays are often affected by the presence of either exogenous or endogenous interfering matrix components, in samples assayed for the targeted analytes such as the disease associated biomarkers, in molecular diagnosis. Whole blood,as one of the most preferred samples, is known for its complex matrix andsometimes characterized to be ‘dirty’ due to presence of the interfering hemoglobin found in higher levels than the targeted analytes that often exist at trace levels. In this case, hemoglobin as the interferent poses a challenge when whole blood is directly introduced in to sensitive analytical instruments such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) as sensitive and specific detection systems of choice. 

On the other hand, hemoglobin usually masks the targeted analytes from being easily detected, thus, clog the instrument’s components more especially the columns, which end up being plugged and inactivated during chromatographic separation, leading to interference, imprecise and inaccurate results after a few runs. Furthermore, when not removed, hemoglobin generally leads to matrix effects caused by its co-elution with the biomarkers, which are the targeted analytes. Consequently, prior to employing sensitive instruments with low detection and quantification limits, whole blood as a sample must undergo extensive sample preparation to eliminate the matrix interferents as well as to achieve even more accurate and precise results.(Read More)

In-Silico Identification of Novel Resistant Genes for Fungal Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 4: Causative Agent of Banana Vascular Wilt Disease .

Fusarium wilt of banana (Panama infection), brought about by the soil borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a common disease in the banana (Musa spp.) generation inclusively. Foc can affect the several types of Musa and Heliconia, their strains have been arranged into four physiological races. Race1 is pathogenic to ‘Gros Michel’(aaa) and “Silk” (AAB); Race 2 justinfluences the crossbreed triploid Bluggoe (ABB), and the race 4 attacks Cavendish cultivars, and all the cultivars susceptible to races 1 and 2, viewed as the most vital on the fact that it influences the cultivars which deliver more than 80% of the world’s bananas. The race 4 segregates are subdivided into subtropical race 4 (St4) and tropical race 4 (Tr4). The St4 segregate causes disease in Cavendish bananas in the subtropics, and Tr4 isolates are pathogenic both under tropical and subtropical conditions. 

In South China, Fusarium wilt of Xiang Jiao (AAA, Cavendish bananas) was initially reported in Guangdong Province in 2001, which brought about by Tr4. Till date, there are fewer fungicides accessible to control Fusarium wilt of banana. Chemical control is troublesome in light of the fact, that the chlamydospores can make holes in the soil. The best alternative is planting resistant cultivars, for example, Fusarium wilt-resistant bananas chose by means of genetic variations from tissue, and transgenic bananas. Notwithstanding, Fusarium wilt of banana is still a significant danger to banana production around the world. Quarantine policies and Foc free tissue culture planting materials are the vital methodologies to counteract the spread of infection.(Read more)

Does Salt Obesity Exist?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, caused by factors such as genetic inheritance; thebehavior of the nervous, endocrine system. Altogether, there are two main causes: Higher intake of calories than the body uses and/or less physical activity than the body needs. It has been established that men with more than 25% body fat and women with more than 35% body fat are obese. According to the aforementioned criterion it has been reported that around the world there are 300 million obese people.

Fat tissue produces bioactive proteins known as adipocytokines as epidermal growth factor that binds heparin (HB-EGF), leptin, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a), the inhibitor of Plasminogen Activator-1 (PAI-1), resistin and adiponectin. The expression of these adipocytokines (except adiponectin) increases with the accumulation of visceral fat and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular events, kidney failure and some forms of cáncer.(Read more)

Proteomics Analysis for Therapeutic Options of Neurodegeneration: A Review

The characterization and identification of putative disease modifying pathways in neurodegenerative disorders has enormous potential for discovery of new therapeutic agents that target these pathways. There is an increasing evidence that a number ofpotentially informative Neurodegenerative Disease (NDD) biomarkers can improve the accuracy of diagnosing NDD, especially when they are used as a panel of diagnostic assays and interpreted in the context of neuroimaging and clinical data. The greatest contributing risk factor for NDDs is age. With an aging population, the inevitable result is a steep rise in the incidence of NDDs. The first publication that reported about Alzheimer disease (AD) was in 1907, which described a woman in her middle age that had lost her memory with a progressive loss of cognitive functions.

James Parkinson in 1817 was the first one who described medically a neurological syndrome and it was known as Parkinson's disease. In 1912, the lewy body that characterized the Parkinson’s disease was reported by Forman et al. Protein aggregation and inclusion body formation that was mostly associated with many forms of neurodegenerative diseases were detected using different techniques in the last century. These suggested that changes in physicochemical properties of the proteins in human brain were responsible for and lead to neurodegenerative diseases.(Read More)