By the end of 2013, diabetes had caused 5.1 million
deaths and cost billions for healthcare spending. Without concerted action to
prevent diabetes, there will be 592 million people living with the disease in
less than 25 years’ time. CVD is the major cause of mortality and morbidity inpatients with type 2 diabetes. The clinical relevance of this metabolic
syndrome is related to its role in the development of vascular disease,
including endothelium impair, an increase in arterial stiffness and
intima-media thickness. Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose bring
carotid arterioles atherosclerosis and hence draw our attention. PWV can
intelligently show the flexible degree of aorta blood vessel, and is the gold
standard evaluating atherosclerosis.
The research is to investigate the relationship between
different glucose metabolism status and PWVand further explore its relationship
between PWV, HOMA-IR and FRS. Pre-diabetes has been first described by the WHOin 1980 as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In order to avoid the
time-consuming and somewhat cumbersome measurement of 2h PG, the ADA proposed
to identify pre-diabetes as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 1997, which
relies on one fasting measurement only. In 2004, the ADA lowered the cutoff
point for IFG from 6.1 to 5.6 mmol/l. IFG and IGT are strongly associated with
excess body weight and insulin resistance, which is the central feature of the
metabolic syndrome metabolic abnormalities and leads the path to diabetes.
By the end of 2013, diabetes had caused 5.1 million
deaths and cost billions for healthcare spending. Without concerted action to
prevent diabetes, there will be 592 million people living with the disease in
less than 25 years’ time. CVD is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in
patients with type 2 diabetes. The clinical relevance of this metabolicsyndrome is related to its role in the development of vascular disease,
including endothelium impair, an increase in arterial stiffness and
intima-media thickness. Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose bring
carotid arterioles atherosclerosis and hence draw our attention. PWV can
intelligently show the flexible degree of aorta blood vessel, and is the gold
standard evaluating atherosclerosis.
The research is to investigate the relationship between
different glucose metabolism status and PWVand further explore its relationship
between PWV, HOMA-IR and FRS. Pre-diabetes has been first described by the WHOin 1980 as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In order to avoid the
time-consuming and somewhat cumbersome measurement of 2h PG, the ADA proposed
to identify pre-diabetes as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 1997, which
relies on one fasting measurement only. In 2004, the ADA lowered the cutoff
point for IFG from 6.1 to 5.6 mmol/l. IFG and IGT are strongly associated with
excess body weight and insulin resistance, which is the central feature of the
metabolic syndrome metabolic abnormalities and leads the path to diabetes.
While the evidence supporting an
anti-diabetic role for Cr appeared strong it was still far from definitive. Thetwo main forms of chromium are the trivalent CrIII (chromium III) and thehexavalent form CrVI (chromium VI). Of these, CrIII is the most stable
oxidation state found in living organisms but unable to cross cell wall
membranes easily. Complexing with certain organic ligands such as picolinic
acid, however, allowed CrIII to be readily absorbed by cell membranes. A recent
paper by Doddigarta and co-workers showed that male Wistar rats fed a high
carbohydrate diet supplemented with chromium picolinate (CrPlc) and melatonin,
given individually or in combination, prevented the development of insulin
resistance and type 2 diabetes.
