Suicide is a major causality of human mortality across
the world. Yet human suicide predictions and preventions are difficult to
obtain. As a result, in order to find out new ways of solving this situation,
human suicide etiological/pathologic study is quite necessary. Previously,
human suicide was commonly regarded as a clinical symptom rather than an aspect
of human mental illness-related disease that can be traceable from biological
or genetic tangible existence discoveries. In order to clarify this matter of
etiological/pathologic enigma, we document some events of historic literatures,
medical ways of suicide probing and different types of counteractive measurepromotions. After all, genetic/molecular clues available for suicidal linkage
between pathogenesis and therapeutics will be established. From these avenues,
better clinical suicide predictive systems and therapeutic managements would be
invented in future.
Obesity is a multifaceted condition and represents a
pandemic that needs urgent attention. Obesity, both directly and indirectly,
increases the risk for a variety of disease conditions including diabetes,
hypertension, liver disease, and certain cancers, which in turn, decreases the
overall lifespan in both men and women. Leptin most likely indicates satietyand fullness of energy stores under physiological conditions, but obesity is
characterized by hyperleptinemia and hypothalamic leptin resistance. Many
studies have found association between obesity leading to oxidative stress and
diabetes mellitus type 2, and many others have shown that the level of ROS
increase in obesity.
Glutathione is a master antioxidant cellular defense,
prevent damage to the important components caused by ROS such as free radicals
and peroxide. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant
pathways that result in the accumulation of lipid oxidation products such as
lipid hydro peroxides and malondialdehyde. These materials are toxic and causeincreased risk of arteriosclerosis in the blood by other lipoproteins. In
addition, increased oxidative stress in adults after exercise increases, It has
been shown that aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress in obese men.
By the end of 2013, diabetes had caused 5.1 million
deaths and cost billions for healthcare spending. Without concerted action to
prevent diabetes, there will be 592 million people living with the disease in
less than 25 years’ time. CVD is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in
patients with type 2 diabetes. The clinical relevance of this metabolicsyndrome is related to its role in the development of vascular disease,
including endothelium impair, an increase in arterial stiffness and
intima-media thickness. Diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose bring
carotid arterioles atherosclerosis and hence draw our attention. PWV can
intelligently show the flexible degree of aorta blood vessel, and is the gold
standard evaluating atherosclerosis.
The research is to investigate the relationship between
different glucose metabolism status and PWVand further explore its relationship
between PWV, HOMA-IR and FRS. Pre-diabetes has been first described by the WHOin 1980 as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). In order to avoid the
time-consuming and somewhat cumbersome measurement of 2h PG, the ADA proposed
to identify pre-diabetes as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 1997, which
relies on one fasting measurement only. In 2004, the ADA lowered the cutoff
point for IFG from 6.1 to 5.6 mmol/l. IFG and IGT are strongly associated with
excess body weight and insulin resistance, which is the central feature of the
metabolic syndrome metabolic abnormalities and leads the path to diabetes.
Jasmonic acid (JA) is one of the most signaling
phytohormones which play an essential role in plant development and response to
biotic and abiotic stresses. It plays a key regulatory role in root elongation,
pollen production, germination, fruit ripening, plant senescence. Additionally,
it activates plant defenses against pests, pathogens and abiotic stress.
Jasmonic acid and its derivative methyl jasmonate are abundant in plant cellsand have a physiological signaling mechanism. Recently, jasmonates have been
reported to be the active forms precursors comprising certain amino acid conjugates.
Jasmonates are generally synthesized and accumulated upon environmental or
developmental stimuli. Jasmonate signal transduction process is regulated by a
signaling mechanism embracing certain repressor proteins which control
different transcription factors regulating the expression of jasmonate
responsive genes.
The first step of JA synthesis takes place in
chloroplasts membranes, where a phospholipase generates both of α-linolenic
acid and hexadecatrienoic acid from membrane phospholipids. JAs synthesisoccurs generally from the α-linolenic acid precursor through the octadecanoidpathway. Chloroplastic 13-lipoxygenase oxidizes αLA forming the 13-hydroperoxy
derivative of linolenic acid. The Arabidopsis genome comprises six genes
encoding lipoxygenases. Three of such genes (LOX2, LOX3 and LOX4) regulate JA
production. The next steps of JA synthesis occur in the peroxisome.
